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Ty
05-03-2009, 11:05 PM
A sound understanding of the proper technique and the correct process will produce excellent results even with a mediocre product. A quality product used without the proper surface preparation or application technique will never obtain a satisfactory result. Using the proper methodology (surface preparation, using a quality product, along with the correct application technique) will ensure an excellent result.

Skill Level / Experience
Some methods described may be beyond the capabilities of the average detailer or enthusiast; in this case we strongly encourage the reader to consult a professional detailer or body shop concerning the matters discussed herein.

Liability
The writer assumes no responsibility, expressed or implied, due to misuse or misinterpretation of the information or methods used, or for any vehicle damage or injury that may occur due to the suggestions and information offered.

Product Quality and Technique
Proceed with this in mind; the products you use constitute a very small factor in the equation. Methodology and technique constitute 95%; the reasoning behind the choice of quality products is to eliminate any limiting factors, thus enabling you to place emphasis on technique used.

Aesthetics
The aesthetics- of a vehicles appearance is very subjective to say the least, the only best wax or sealant that really matters is what looks 'best' to you. In the final analysis it all come down to; 85% preparation, 5% product, 7% application methodology and the balance is in the ‘guy’ of the beholder

A Revolutionary Product
It’s a revolutionary product that’s not causing a revolution. By now, 15 years after a debut in Sweden and success throughout Europe, micro fibre cleaning textiles should have replaced most of the household chemicals that smear, powder, spray, and infuse almost every inch of the American home. Micro fibre cleans surfaces mechanically, not chemically, by scraping them with microscopic precision. And you don’t throw the products away, but keep renewing them with machine or hand washing.

“It’s one of the greenest products out there. From the research we’ve done, micro fibre cleans and removes dirt and bacteria with water alone. You do not need chemicals,” says Judy Klein, director of retail cleaning for Newell Rubbermaid, the $6.4 billion Corporation that in 2007 introduced a consumer line of micro fibre cleaning products.
For the most part, though, disbelief has stunted micro fibre’s proliferation. The claims of chemical-free cleaning are too vast to trust and too complex to understand for the average consumer and the products are too expensive to risk taking the chance. Because the term “micro fibre or Microfiber” is not regulated, quality products share the same labelling with much lesser quality ones, exacerbating the problem of trust.

Micro fibre definition
Micro fibre by definition (very small; involving minute quantities or variations) is not a fabric; but a yarn, that’s spun into thread, which is then used to weave a terry fabric. These ultra-fine yarns (twice as fine as silk and 100 times finer than a human hair) are made from various sources, they can be made from many different materials, such as a 70% polyester/30% polyamide or a natural material such as cellulose, a plant carbohydrate.

There are currently two countries that manufacture and export micro fibre towels, Korea and China. The quality of these products is dependent upon the quality assurance (if any) programs employed. More so than many car care products - you'll (usually) get the quality you pay for. Purchasing them from a reliable vendor is the safest bet.
Its scratch resistance has a lot to do with the way the fibres are processed and spun, there are too many factors to be able to say conclusively that natural fibres will not cause scratches and artificial fibres will. However, natural fibres are far less likely to scratch, flannel or cotton flannel is a very tight weave and it could scratch as it mats down easily, always try to stay with a terrycloth weave.

The first material used to produce micro fibre was a combination of two DuPont fibres, polyester and polyamide, which is used as the core and polyester as the outer fibre. No matter how soft it feels, polyester, being a plastic will scratch a paint surface on a microscopic level, which shows up as towelling marks, longer scratches than the usual small swirl marks or micro marring (to check for polyester content see burn test below).

The nature of this yarn is that it is an absorbent; the reason polyester appears to absorb liquids is the many thousands of micro fibres that collectively are encapsulating a lot of water. Once they become coated with detergent, polish or fabric softener, etc. they lose their absorbent ability.

The smaller the diameter of the yarn, the softer the fabric will feel, however this does not mean that it's non-abrasive and will not cause scratches (this softness can also be chemically induced).

Most micro fibre that originates from Asia and the Far East is fabricated from polyester or nylon by-products. Because the label says micro fibre is no assurance that the material is safe to use or that it is non-abrasive. The most important criteria for any fabric used on a vehicle surface is its quality and scratch resistance.

Regardless of material type or quality, a dirty micro fibre, or a 100% cotton towel will both scratch, micro fibre has attractant properties (that is dirt, dust, and various other substances cling to it), which is one of the reasons that it works so well, but it is also a reason why you need to be extra careful when using towels on your paint.

E-Cloth (Micro fibre)
Each cloth is made from multi-stranded fibres that actually absorb dirt and bacteria, locking them into the fabric of the cloth, giving far better cleaning performance in that they pick up more than ordinary cloths combined with chemicals which, rather than absorbing soil and grime just push them around the surface, leaving a residue that in turn attracts more dirt.

Machine washable over 300 times; dependant upon use, this should give a ‘life’ of three plus years of superior cleaning performance. Better for the environment as you don’t need harsh chemicals when using the e-cloth system saving you money by not having to use sprays and chemicals etc a whole new way of cleaning

Construction - micro fibre towel boarders – the of the advantages of a silk/satin edging is that they won't unravel when washed several times like a non edged towel nor will they cause marring of the paint surface, it also means that they will not snag.

Size - available in various sizes 16 -inch x 16 / 18 / 24 -inch, drying towels 25 -inch x 16 -inch being a usable size

Towel density - is a measure of fibres per square inch of fabric. The range for quality micro fibre is 90,000 to 225,000 fibres per square inch. The higher the fibre count the more absorbent.

Ratio - of polyester and polyamide blend; 80% polyester and 20% polyamide is typical (80/20) a 70/30 blend will absorb water faster. As polyamide is much more expensive than polyester, you can expect to pay more for a 70/30 blend.

Thickness - some manufacturers are rating the thickness of there towels by weight; expressed in grams per square meter or g/m2. The ratio of polyester and polyamide usually remains the same.

Things to look for in a micro fibre towel -

How many times the fibres are split - a higher split ensues you get a more effective cleaning towel. Splitting the fibres creates millions of edges that trap dirt and dust that bonds to the fibres and is not released until the towel is washed in hot water. Therefore, the dirt is not re-deposited on the paint surface.

How many times can you wash your micro fibre towel - the more times you can wash it the more durable the towel

Does the towel come with a guarantee? - This says the company is prepared to stand by its product.

When choosing micro fibre quality is very important, as a lack of quality inspection will result in variable results i.e. towels that will cause surface scratches, leave a trail of lint, etc. Micro fibre quality is very often reflected in the purchase price, best advise, use only high quality micro fibre towels from a reputable source. As with most things, you'll get what you pay for.

A good quality towel may cost more, but it will last longer. The most important thing to remember is that a good quality micro fibre towel will provide better cleaning results that ordinary towels or cloth.

Types and Uses for Detailing Towels:

General Purpose - a micro fibre towels with a standard terry cloth weave, a medium thick nap and an 80/20 blend of polyester and polyamide. Used for buffing paint, glass, vinyl, plastic and leather. Ideal for quick detailing (QD) this will be the most frequently used towel.

PolyFiber2 - DF Concours micro fibre towels, are very soft while having more bite and polishing ability than traditional micro fibre, it's 25% more absorbent using a 80/20

Polyester/Nylon micro fibre mix woven in Brazil with no generic polyamide (typically referred to as a Nylon by-product).These towels are finished and inspected in the USA under the strictest quality control standards.

Ty
05-03-2009, 11:07 PM
Glass – micro fibre towels that work well for polishing and glass cleaning seem to have similar characteristics. The towel ideally should be 100% lint free; this means the weave is going to have a shorter nap than a general purpose towel. A decent glass towel needs scrubbing power to successfully remove the residue that cause streaking, sharing the same characteristic that makes a good polishing cloth. This micro fibre towel is so effective at cleaning glass that often a glass cleaner chemical isn't even necessary. It features a very low-pile cut in a zigzag pattern which literally attracts and removes off-gassing, residue, smudges and oily finger prints. Its efficient cleaning action is truly a time saver.

Drying - There are two different micro fibre towelling weaves that make good drying towels: terry cloth and Piqué or waffle weave. “ Piqué isn't more absorbent than terry but the ridges act as hundreds of little squeegees which push the water up into the cups giving the fabric time to absorb." Leo Cerruti

Waffle weave towels- when they are wet they’re very soft and super absorbent, and glide easily over the surface, the ‘pockets’ in the weave ‘hold’ any dirt or surface debris unlike some other super absorbing products that trap dirt between the towel and paint surface with the potential to cause serious scratches (never use it when it’s dry as it can potentially scratch) That goes for whatever you use for drying, including cotton towels. Ensure that the towel is really wet and then wring it out thoroughly before using.

Soak up as much water as you can, wringing out often to keep the absorption efficiency up and wringing out also those harmful minerals in the process. When the only thing left on the surface are tiny micro beads of water (really noticeable on a black car), which I easily wipe off with a pass or two of the highly absorbent waffle towel and leave the surface bone dry.

This drying technique is excellent for black cars (especially for ‘soft’ single stage paint that show every surface mark) but look so good when they are properly detailed.

This process never includes scrubbing, rubbing or applying any pressure whatsoever. The only time that pressure needs to be applied to a paint surface is when you are polishing

You may find micro fibre towels labelled for other uses, but most will fit into the categories listed above

Tests - a couple of ‘non-scientific tests’ you could use to assimilate whether or not a towel will cause scratches, they are not at all scientific nor 100% accurate, they are only indicative of what the towel may do to your paint surface, but then which is preferable to scratch a CD or your paint surface? Ensure the towels have been washed before carrying out these ‘tests’. If the towel does scratch the CD’s surface that doesn’t necessarily mean that it will scratch the vehicle's paint, a CD has a much softer surface than automobile paint so use caution, initially trying an inconspicuous area.

CD Scratch Test - with a micro fibre cloth, using medium to heavy pressure rub the data surface of a CD. If no scratching is evident then it probably won’t scratch the vehicle's paint surface; be aware that the bindings can also cause scratching. On first use of a towel use it on an inconspicuous area first.

Burn Test - to test a material for polyester content, light a thread, if it emits a black wisp of smoke and then shrivels up into a black hard ball, its polyester and will probably scratch your paint.

(100%) Cotton Towels (for comparison)
This detailing towel is made entirely of a blend of micro fibre cotton and pima cotton, 100% Cotton (50% Cotton micro fibre /50% Pima Cotton) Its scratch resistance has a lot to do with the way the fibres are processed and spun, there are too many factors to be able to say conclusively that natural fibres will not cause scratches and artificial fibres will. In my opinion, however, natural fibres are far less likely to scratch, flannel or cotton flannel is a very tight weave and it could scratch as it mats down easily, always try to stay with a terrycloth weave.

Theses cotton towels are exceptionally soft, super absorbent terrycloth. The fabric is woven from a blend of micro fibre cotton and Pima Cotton; no artificial fibres of any kind are used in the weaving or sewing of this product. But pay attention to the edge bindings as they can be a potential cause of surface scratches Quality towels edge bindings are sewn with cotton thread, not polyester. (For more information on cotton)

The smaller the diameter of the yarn, the softer the fabric will feel, however this does not mean that its non-abrasive and will not cause scratches (this softness can also be chemically induced) The most important criteria for any fabric used on a vehicle surface is its quality and scratch resistance. Natural cellulose can be spun with long staple cotton and then woven into 100% natural looped terrycloth or velour, were the loops are trimmed to produce a fine nap (ideal for glass cleaning). This is very soft, absorbent, and non-abrasive and will not cause scratching.

Once this type of fabric is washed two or three times, to remove any short fibres it will not leave a lint trail. The principal structural chemical in cotton, wood, and most other plants is actually cellulose consisting of many small molecules linked together (monomers) in a chain or lattice like structure; both linen and cotton are natural plant fibres. Quality towels edge bindings are sewn with cotton thread, not polyester.

Egyptian cotton
The term Egyptian cotton is usually applied to the extra long staple cotton, produced in Egypt and favoured for the luxury and up market brands worldwide. Cotton in general has unique characteristics but Egyptian cotton in particular is unique.

•Length- Egyptian cotton is long in fibre, which enables the making of the finest yarn without destroying its strength.
•Strength / Durability- Egyptian cotton products are more resistant to stress and therefore live longer.
•Absorbency / Softness - because Egyptian cotton has a very high ability to absorb liquids and is extremely soft to the touch, it is widely used in the manufacturing of high end household textiles.
•Hand picked - Egyptian cotton, being hand picked, puts no stress on the fibre, and that is the reason why the products are more durable.

Ty
05-03-2009, 11:08 PM
Micro fibre Care
Proper care is simple; to ensure your towels and buffing cloths provide long-term use, wash them frequently after every use and as soon as possible, in a liquid soap (Micro Restore) in hot 120oF< (48oC <) water, add a teaspoon per towel distilled white vinegar (the vinegar doesn't coat the fibres but instead works to eliminate detergent residue) in the rise cycle, and finally a thorough cold rinse. Always wash micro fibre separately and only with other micro fibre fabrics. Use the hot setting on dryer, no softener sheets (your towels will not melt)

If this doesn't completely clean them use distilled water, place your towels in the pan and bring to a slow boil for 10 to 15 minutes. There will be a film that rises to the top of the water which you should skim off (these are minerals and impurities found in regular tap water) Drain the water from the pan before removing the towels, and then hang the towels to air-dry.

Regardless of material type or quality, a dirty micro fibre, or a 100% Cotton towel will scratch, micro fibre has attractant properties, that is dirt, dust, and various other substances cling to it, which is one of the reasons that it works so well, but it is also a reason why you need to be extra careful when using towels on your paint

Before using micro fibre towels for the first time;
•Remove labels / tags
•Check for towel colour fastness before washing
•Wash towels before using
•Wash / Rinse after using and before you use a different product (i.e. don’t use to remove polish and then apply wax)
•Always wash towels separately from other fabrics using hot water
•Use a mild liquid detergent without softener, bleach, whiteners, etc
•Half the washing detergents manufacturers suggested amount is usually sufficient
•During the rinse cycle, add 1-tsb per towel white distilled vinegar to help dissolve detergent and hard water minerals
•Do not use fabric softeners or sheets
•Drying – air dry or use medium heat in a tumble dryer (adding plastic dryer balls will help plump up the fibres)

Always wash towels as soon as possible after use, the longer they sit the more the contaminants will set do not use bleach (bleach will shorten the life of your micro fibre) Read the label on the detergent bottle and use half of what they recommend and use hot water (120oF) Washing Liquid and Vinegar (50/50) to clean-out the machine drum

Heated water breaks down water-soluble soiling faster as it reduces overall chemical usage because it reduces the surface tension of the fibre and will better dislodge wax and other particles. Heat acts as a catalyst promoting quicker reactions between chemicals and the soil thereby minimizing dwell time.

If the towel still tends to ‘streak’ boil the towels for at least 20 minute, this will soften the fibres, and release any wax / polish residue. This will also release any lint, which will actually come to the surface of the water. Pre-soak in a liquid detergent / water and then squeeze out wax/polish with your hands and rinse thoroughly.

Allow micro fibre towels to boil for twenty (20) minutes (ensure that water does not fully evaporate) you will find that more wax / polish residue comes out even after a towel has been thoroughly washed.

Empty out the water and then remove the towel, don't do it the other way or you'll re-introduce debris to the towel again.

Micro-Restore is the only detergent formulated for maintaining and restoring micro fibre, it’s a concentrated detergent designed to clean, pamper and extend the life of micro fibre cloths. With all of the polishes, waxes, oils and chemicals that we apply and remove with our micro fibre cloths / towels, regular household detergent doesn’t even come close to cleaning or restoring them.

It effectively removes dirt without using the bleaches and softeners commonly found in laundry detergents (even when they say they don't there are small traces). Over time bleach breaks down micro fibres, and fabric softeners clog the microscopic fibres that make it so effective, rendering the micro fibre product less effective with each washing.

Three types of energy are required;

1. Chemical energy- provided by the synthetic cleaner

2. Mechanical energy - (agitation) provide by machine or hand

3. Thermal energy -provided by warm or hot water; heated water breaks down water-soluble soiling faster as it reduces overall chemical usage because it reduces the surface tension.

Heat acts as a catalyst promoting quicker reactions between chemicals and the soil thereby minimizing dwell time. Warm or hot water helps dissolve grease and oil in soil, agitation or hand rubbing helps pull the soil free. This concentrated aqueous formula is a special blend of surfactants, emulsifiers, chelating agents and water softeners.

Not only will Micro-Restore extend the life of your micro fibre, but also its special blend of ingredients has the power to break down most chemicals and heavy residues (wax, oil, grease, break dust, and other chemicals) that become implanted in micro fibre products when used in heavy cleaning situations like car care and remove them.

The water softeners in the formula neutralize calcium and magnesium in hard water that cause towels to stiffen over time. Micro-Restore is the ultimate cleaner for micro fibre because it rids them of all products without ruining their structure, it is also biodegradable

Wash Directions (Towels)
Use hot (120oF) water and add 1-2 ounces to a standard size (8 gallon) load, for larger loads or heavily soiled laundry, add 3-6 ounces. Pre-soak in a liquid detergent / water and then squeeze out wax/polish with your hands and rinse thoroughly.

As a pre-spotter: dilute 1 part concentrates with 3 parts water, apply to stain and launder as usual.

Do not use fabric softener (most contain silicone that the towel will adsorb and clog the fibres thereby reducing their effectiveness) fabric softeners work by coating the surface of the cloth fibres with a thin layer of chemicals, a towel will also treat the fabric softener as if it was dirt by trying to store the tiny particles of the softener in the towel fibres. This will clog up the fibres and render the towel ineffective.

Add a teaspoon per towel distilled white vinegar in place of a softener in the final rinse cycle, the vinegar instead works to eliminate detergent residue and the acid counteracts any alkaline minerals in the water supply. Do not use vinegar in every wash as it is a cationic (hydrogen ions bind to the anionic groups on the fibres) the disadvantage of coating fibres by hydrophobic layer is in decreasing the absorption properties of the fabric. Vinegar (Acetic acid, pH 2) works well in the rinse cycle to make your towels softer.

Detergent is an alkaline (pH=12, the opposite of acidic on the pH scale).When you wash your towels (or anything for that matter) there are small amounts of detergent left behind, when your add Vinegar it balances the pH of the solution and helps removes the excess detergent from the wash.

Do not wash micro fibre cloths / towels with other non- micro fibre fabrics, as they will pick up lint from other fabrics. Air dry or you can dry micro fibre cloths / towels in any dryer on low heat, remove them before they are still damp (cuts down on static charge) Colours may bleed during first washing

Note: to ensure that the washing machine has no residual detergent or fabric softener; rise the machine drum with a 1:3 solution of washing liquid (with no bleach) / distilled white vinegar, clean about every 2-3 months

Information resource

1.DF Alpine™
2.Autogeek
3.Microfiber Tech
4.Automotive Detailing Inside & Out; a Knowledge Base for the Perfectionist"– by Jon Miller

silver_echo
05-04-2009, 12:26 AM
so do you have a recommendation for a brand for the beginner to use?

Ty
05-04-2009, 12:34 AM
Several, actually. We use a specific type for glass, one for removal of an LSP, one for drying and one general purpose.

We can provide any of those for you if you'd like. Stay away from the Costco ones, they generally have seams and edges that scratch like crazy. Please PM me if you'd like pricing info on the different kinds.